TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
Key Idea
2: Many of
the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components
of air, water, and land. Key Idea
5: Identifying
patterns of change is necessary for making predictions about future behavior
and conditions. |
2.1 Use the
concepts of density and heat energy to explain observations of weather
patterns, seasonal changes, and the movements of Earth’s plates. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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2.1a Earth
systems have internal and external sources of energy, both of which create
heat. 2.1b The
transfer of heat energy within the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and Earth’s
interior results in the formation of regions of different densities. These
density differences result in motion. |
1. Note packet |
Metric Measurements Density Graphing Heat Transfer Energy Absorption |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.6 Key
Idea 2: Models
are simplified representations of objects, structures, or systems used in
analysis, explanation, interpretation, or design. St.4 Key
Idea 1: The Earth
and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and
perspective. |
1.1 Explain
complex phenomena, such as tides, variations in day length, solar insolation,
apparent motion of the planets, and annual traverse of the constellations. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
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1.1c Earth’s
coordinate system of latitude and longitude, with the equator and prime
meridian as reference lines, is based upon Earth’s rotation and our
observation of the Sun and stars. 1.1d Earth
rotates on an imaginary axis at a rate of 15 degrees per hour. To people on
Earth, this turning of the planet makes it seem as though the Sun, the moon,
and the stars are moving around Earth once a day. Rotation provides a basis
for our system of local time; meridians of longitude are the basis for time
zones. |
1. Note packet 2. Students will create contour maps and
profiles. |
Shape of the Earth Latitude/Longitude Topographic Maps Topographic Profiles |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 1: The Earth
and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and
perspective. |
1.1
Explain complex phenomena, such as tides,
variations in day length, solar insolation, apparent motion of the planets,
and annual traverse of the constellations. 1.2
Describe current theories about the origin of the
universe and solar system. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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1.1a Most
objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion. 1.1b Nine planets move around the Sun
in nearly circular orbits. 1.1f Earth’s
changing position with regard to the Sun and the moon has noticeable effects. 1.1g Seasonal changes in the apparent positions
of constellations provide evidence of Earth’s revolution. 1.1h The Sun’s apparent path through the sky
varies with latitude and season. 1.1i Approximately 70 percent of Earth’s
surface is covered by a relatively thin layer of water, which responds to the gravitational
attraction of the moon and the Sun with a daily cycle of high and low tides. 1.2a The
universe is vast and estimated to be over ten billion years old. The current
theory is that
the universe was created from an explosion called the Big Bang. 1.2b Stars
form when gravity causes clouds of molecules to contract until nuclear fusion
of light elements into heavier ones occurs. Fusion releases great amounts of
energy over millions
of years. 1.2c Our
solar system formed about five billion years ago from a giant cloud of gas
and debris. Gravity caused Earth and the other planets to become layered
according to density differences in their materials. 1.2d
Asteroids, comets, and meteors are components of our solar system. 1.2e
Earth’s early atmosphere formed as a result of the outgassing of water vapor,
carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and lesser amounts of other gases from its
interior. |
1. Note packet |
Sun Path and Shadow Solar Arc (outside) Moon Phases Drawing Ellipses Stars |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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N O V D E C E M B E R |
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standards |
kEY iDEAS/CONCEPTS |
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/SKILLS |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 2: Many of
the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components
of air, water, and land. |
2.1 Use the
concepts of density and heat energy to explain observations of weather
patterns, seasonal changes, and the movements of Earth’s plates. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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2.1b The
transfer of heat energy within the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and Earth’s
interior results in the formation of regions of different densities. These
density differences result in motion. 2.1c Weather
patterns become evident when weather variables are observed, measured, and
recorded. These variables include air temperature, air pressure, moisture
(relative humidity and dewpoint), precipitation (rain, snow, hail, sleet, etc.),
wind speed and direction, and cloud cover. 2.1d Weather
variables are measured using instruments such as thermometers, barometers,
psychrometers, precipitation gauges, anemometers, and wind vanes. 2.1e Weather
variables are interrelated. 2.1f Air temperature,
dewpoint, cloud formation, and precipitation are affected by the expansion
and contraction of air due to vertical atmospheric movement. 2.1g Weather
variables can be represented in a variety of formats including radar and
satellite images, weather maps (including station models, isobars, and
fronts), atmospheric cross-sections, and computer models. 2.1h
Atmospheric moisture, temperature and pressure distributions; jet streams,
wind; air masses and frontal boundaries; and the movement of cyclonic systems
and associated tornadoes, thunderstorms, and hurricanes occur in observable
patterns. Loss of property, personal injury, and loss of life can be reduced
by effective emergency preparedness. 2.1i Seasonal
changes can be explained using concepts of density and heat energy. These
changes include the shifting of global temperature zones, the shifting of
planetary wind and ocean current patterns, the occurrence of monsoons,
hurricanes, flooding, and severe weather. |
1. Note packet |
Atmosphere & Ocean ESRT Dewpoint & Relative Humidity Weather Data/Station Models Hurricanes |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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D E C J A N U A R Y |
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standards |
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PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/SKILLS |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 2: Many of
the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components
of air, water, and land. |
1.2 Describe
current theories about the origin of the universe and solar system. 2.2 Explain
how incoming solar radiation, ocean currents, and land masses affect weather
and climate. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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1.2g Earth
has continuously been recycling water since the outgassing of water early in
its history. This constant recirculation of water at and near Earth’s surface
is described by the hydrologic (water) cycle. 2.2a
Insolation (solar radiation) heats Earth’s surface and atmosphere unequally
due to variations in: 2.2b The
transfer of heat energy within the atmosphere, the hydrosphere, and Earth’s
surface occurs as the result of radiation, convection, and conduction. 2.2c A location’s
climate is influenced by latitude, proximity to large bodies of water, ocean
currents, prevailing winds, vegetative cover, elevation, and mountain ranges. 2.2d
Temperature and precipitation patterns are altered by: natural events such as
El Nino and volcanic eruptions, human influences including; deforestation,
urbanization, and the production of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide
and methane. |
1. Note packet |
Land and Water Absorption Angle of Insolation Climate Zones Porosity Permeability |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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F E B R U A R Y |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 3: Matter is
made up of particles whose properties determine the observable
characteristics of matter and its reactivity. |
3.1 Explain
the properties of materials in terms of the arrangement and properties of the
atoms that compose them. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
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ASSESSMENTS
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3.1a Minerals
have physical properties determined by their chemical composition and crystal
structure. 3.1b Minerals
are formed inorganically by the process of crystallization as a result of specific
environmental conditions. 3.1c Rocks
are usually composed of one or more minerals. |
1. Note packet |
Mineral Identification Rock Identification |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
|
M A R C H |
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standards |
kEY iDEAS/CONCEPTS |
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/SKILLS |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 2: Many of
the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components
of air, water, and land.. |
2.1 Use the
concepts of density and heat energy to explain observations of weather
patterns, seasonal changes, and the movements of Earth’s plates. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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2.1j
Properties of Earth’s internal structure (crust, mantle, inner core, and
outer core) can be inferred from the analysis of the behavior of seismic
waves (including velocity and refraction). 2.1k The
outward transfer of Earth’s internal heat drives convective circulation in
the mantle that moves the lithospheric plates comprising Earth’s surface. 2.1l The
lithosphere consists of separate plates that ride on the more fluid asthenosphere
and move slowly in relationship to one another, creating convergent,
divergent, and transform plate boundaries. These motions indicate Earth is a
dynamic geologic system. 2.1m Many
processes of the rock cycle are consequences of plate dynamics. These include
the production of magma (and subsequent igneous rock formation and contact
metamorphism) at both subduction and rifting regions, regional metamorphism
within subduction zones, and the creation of major depositional basins
through down-warping of the crust. 2.1n Many of
Earth’s surface features such as mid-ocean ridges/rifts, trenches/subduction
zones/island arcs, mountain ranges (folded, faulted, and volcanic), hot
spots, and the magnetic and age patterns in surface bedrock are a consequence
of forces associated with plate motion and interaction. 2.1o Plate
motions have resulted in global changes in geography, climate, and the
patterns of organic evolution. |
1. Note packet |
Plate Motions Plate Tectonics Earthquake Epicenters |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
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A P R I L |
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standards |
kEY iDEAS/CONCEPTS |
PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/SKILLS |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 2: Many of
the phenomena that we observe on Earth involve interactions among components
of air, water, and land.. |
2.1 Use the
concepts of density and heat energy to explain observations of weather
patterns, seasonal changes, and the movements of Earth’s plates. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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2.1p
Landforms are the result of the interaction of tectonic forces and the
processes of weathering, erosion, and deposition. 2.1q
Topographic maps represent landforms through the use of contour lines that
are isolines connecting points of equal elevation. Gradients and profiles can
be determined from changes in elevation over a given distance. 2.1r Climate
variations, structure, and characteristics of bedrock influence the
development of landscape features including mountains, plateaus, plains,
valleys, ridges, escarpments, and stream drainage patterns. 2.1s
Weathering is the physical and chemical breakdown of rocks at or near Earth’s
surface. Soils are the result of weathering and biological activity over long
periods of time. 2.1t Natural
agents of erosion, generally driven by gravity, remove, transport, and
deposit weathered rock particles. Each agent of erosion produces distinctive
changes in the material that it transports and creates characteristic surface
features and landscapes. In certain erosional situations, loss of property,
personal injury, and loss of life can be reduced by effective emergency
preparedness. 2.1u The
natural agents of erosion include: Streams
(running water),Glaciers (moving ice), Wave Action, Wind, Mass Movement 2.1v Patterns
of deposition result from a loss of energy within the transporting system and
are influenced by the size, shape, and density of the transported particles.
Sediment deposits may be sorted or unsorted. 2.1w
Sediments of inorganic and organic origin often accumulate in depositional
environments. Sedimentary rocks form when sediments are compacted and/or
cemented after burial or as the result of chemical precipitation from
seawater. |
1. Note packet |
Rock Abrasion
Deposition (Settling) Stream Velocity Landscapes of NY |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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TEXT: Earth Science, McDougall
Littell ©1999
UPCO’s Physical Setting Review
|
M A Y / J U N E |
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standards |
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PERFORMANCE INDICATORS/SKILLS |
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STANDARD
1 Students
will use mathematical analysis, scientific inquiry, and engineering design,
as appropriate, to pose questions,
seek answers, and develop solutions. STANDARD
4 Students
will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories
pertaining to the physical setting
and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in
science. STANDARD 6 Interconnectedness Common
Themes |
St.4 Key
Idea 1: The Earth
and celestial phenomena can be described by principles of relative motion and
perspective. |
1.2 Describe current theories about the origin
of the universe and solar system. |
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mAJOR UNDERSTANDINGS |
sUPPLEMENTAL CONTENT & LEARNING
STRATEGIES |
lAB tHEMES |
ASSESSMENTS
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1.2i The
pattern of evolution of life-forms on Earth is at least partially preserved
in the rock record. -Fossil
evidence indicates that a wide variety of life-forms has existed in the past
and that most of these forms have become extinct. -Human
existence has been very brief compared to the expanse of geologic time. 1.2j
Geologic history can be reconstructed by observing sequences of rock types
and fossils to correlate bedrock at various locations. -The
characteristics of rocks indicate the processes by which they formed and the
environments in which these processes took place. -Fossils
preserved in rocks provide information about past environmental conditions. -Geologists
have divided Earth history into time units based upon the fossil record. -Age
relationships among bodies of rocks can be determined using principles of
original horizontality, superposition, inclusions, cross-cutting
relationships, contact metamorphism, and unconformities. The presence of
volcanic ash layers, index fossils, and meteoritic debris can provide
additional information. -The
regular rate of nuclear decay (half-life time period) of radioactive isotopes
allows geologists to determine the absolute age of materials found in some
rocks. |
1. Note packet |
Sequence of Events Rock Correlation Radioactive Decay |
Lab Activities Homework Unit Test Lab Performance Tests Teacher Observation |
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